Long-Term Outcomes of the Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis: The Association of Bowel Function and Quality of Life 5 Years after Surgery

Abstract

Introduction. Previous studies have reported that mean health related quality of life (HRQL) levels generally attain normalcy following construction of an ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). It appears inconsistent, however, that these normal HRQL levels are achieved while bowel function (BF) scores generally remain statistically worse than “normal” (e.g., 4–8 stools/day, possible anal leakage, diaper usage). To investigate this inconsistency, the current study attempts to determine if any statistical associations are present between HRQL and BF, specifically in the long term. Multivariate regression analyses are performed using each of 8 individual HRQL domains against the full model of BF characteristics.Methods. All patients more than 5 years status post an ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) at a single institution were studied. FAP was chosen because patients are routinely asymptomatic preoperatively. BF (e.g., stool frequency, anal leakage) and HRQL (using the 8 health domains of the SF-36) were assessed by patient interview. Student's t tests and full model multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze associations between BF and HRQL.Results. The sample included 25 patients (14 male). Mean age was 39 years, mean follow-up time was 11 years. Although mean scores for the 8 individual HRQL domains were not statistically different from the general United States population, regression analyses of the different domains did demonstrate significant associations with varying levels of BF. While controlling for age and gender, the analyses show that the physical function domain is improved with the ability to pass flatus independent of stool, and physical role and mental health domains are improved with decreased stool frequency. The social function domain is improved with increased stool retention time, while the perception of general health is improved with less diaper usage and less sexual dysfunction.Conclusions. This study shows that a statistically significant association between HRQL levels and BF is present. Of the numerous BF characteristics tested, five appear to be of greater importance with regard to certain HRQL domains. This finding may have clinical implications concerning pouch construction and surgical technique. Methodologically, this study demonstrates that merely using mean levels to describe HRQL may not elucidate meaningful relationships between important clinical outcomes, such as function and HRQL.