Abstract
Abstract In North America host-specific flea beetles (Aphthona spp.; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Europe have been introduced to suppress invasive populations of the exotic forb, leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula L. (Euphorbiaceae). Long term outcomes of such introduction were examined in 2013 for a spurge infested site (managed as elk winter range) in the mountain foothills of northern Utah where three species of flea beetles had been released two decades earlier, in the 1990s. The abundance of leafy spurge at the site had declined by 2013 to only 4% of its abundance in 1995. The three species of flea beetles (dominated by A. lacertosa Rosenhauer) persisted in low numbers at the site in 2013 [peaking at 7-8 adults (all species combined) per 100 stems and inflicting aboveground feeding damage to all spurge stems by late summer]; flea beetle abundance had declined by 89-97% from high numbers as sampled in 2001. Another biocontrol insect, the stem borer Oberea erythrocephala Schrank (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae...
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