Long-term oncological results of treatment for high-risk prostate cancer using radical prostatectomy in a cancer hospital

Abstract

ObjectivesTo analyze the most relevant oncologic results of treatment using radical prostatectomy (RP) for high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC) in a specialist cancer hospital. Material and methodsA descriptive retrospective study of RP was conducted at our center from 1986 to 2017 on HRPC whose primary objective was to determine overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The study's secondary objectives were to determine biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), rescue therapy-free survival (RTFS), hormone therapy-free survival (HTFS) and the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. We performed a Cox regression analysis to establish predictive models and to better understand the weight of each variable that defines high risk. ResultsA total of 2093 RPs were performed, 480 (22.9%) of which were for HRPC. The median follow-up for the overall series was 79.57 months (P25–75 37.92–135.16). Lymphadenectomy was not performed in 6.5% of the cases. The lymphadenectomy was of the obturator type in 51.2% of the cases and extended in 42.3%. Overall survival at 5, 10 and 15 years was 89.8% (95% CI 86.7–92.9%), 73.3% (95% CI 68–78.6%) and 51.4% (95% CI 43.8–59%), respectively. CSS at 5, 10 and 15 years was 94.8% (95% CI 92.4–97.2%), 84.0% (95% CI 79.3–88.7%) and 75.5% (95% CI 68.8–82.2%), respectively. MFS at 5, 10 and 15 years was 87.4% (95% CI 84.1–90.7%), 72.2% (95% CI 66.7–77.7%) and 61.7% (95% CI 54.3–69.1%), respectively. A total of 120 patients of 477 analyzed (25.1%) required rescue radiation therapy, and 293/477 never required hormone therapy (61.4%). Of the 93 pN1 patients, 33 (35.5%) did not require hormone therapy. The time from RP to biochemical progression was the variable with the greatest prognostic weight for MFS, CSS and overall survival. ConclusionsRP plus extended lymphadenectomy should be the first therapeutic maneuver when feasible within a multimodal strategy. A longer follow-up of the series is needed to validate the hypothesis of better oncologic results based on the earlier implementation of rescue radiation therapy, extended lymphadenectomy and drugs that prolong survival in the CRPC phase.