Abstract
The long-term stability and qualitative characteristics of periodontium regenerated by FGF-2 treatment were compared with normal physiological healing tissue controls in a Beagle dog 2-wall periodontal defect model 13 months after treatment by assessing tissue histology and three-dimensional microstructure using micro-computed tomography (μCT). After FGF-2 (0.3%) or vehicle treatment at the defect sites, serial changes in the bone mineral content (BMC) were observed using periodic X-ray imaging. Tissues were harvested at 13 months, evaluated histomorphometrically, and the cortical bone volume and trabecular bone structure of the newly formed bone were analyzed using μCT. FGF-2 significantly increased the BMC of the defect area at 2 months compared with that of the control group, and this difference was unchanged through 13 months. The cortical bone volume was significantly increased by FGF-2, but there was no difference between the groups in trabecular bone structure. Bone maturation was occurring in both groups because of the lower cortical volume and denser trabecular bone than what is found in intact bone. FGF-2 also increased the area of newly formed bone as assessed histomorphometrically, but the ratios of trabecular bone in the defect area were similar between the control and FGF-2 groups. These results suggest that FGF-2 stimulates neogenesis of alveolar bone that is of similar quality to that of the control group. The lengths of the regenerated periodontal ligament and cementum, measured as the distance from the defect bottom to the apical end of the gingival epithelium, and height and area of the newly formed bone in the FGF-2 group were larger than those in the control group. The present study demonstrated that, within the limitation of artificial periodontal defect model, the periodontal tissue regenerated by FGF-2 was maintained for 13 months after treatment and was qualitatively equivalent to that generated through the physiological healing process.
Highlights
Exacerbation of periodontitis results in the destruction of periodontal tissue, which is difficult to regenerate using conventional periodontal treatments
The bone mineral content (BMC) of the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) group increased within 2 months, but was significantly higher than that of the control group from 2 to 13 months
We investigated the chronological changes in the BMC of Beagle dog periodontal defect sites and evaluated the quantity and quality of the regenerated periodontal tissue 13 months after treatment with FGF-2 or vehicle control
Summary
Exacerbation of periodontitis results in the destruction of periodontal tissue, which is difficult to regenerate using conventional periodontal treatments To overcome this difficulty, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) was developed in the early 1980s, which uses a barrier membrane to keep the gingiva out of the defect, reserving space for periodontal regeneration with new bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and cementum [1]. The combination of 0.03% platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) with granular β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as an artificial bone was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2005 and is available for periodontal regeneration in the United States These bone grafts are useful for achieving periodontal regeneration through osteoconduction and osteoinduction, but have limitations, such as their slow replacement with new bone, donor site morbidity by harvesting of autogenous bone, pathogen contamination, and anatomical limits on the amount of bone that can be harvested. Introduction of unknown pathogens from this animal product remains a concern
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