Long-term N addition effects on the C mineralization and DOC production in mor humus under spruce

Abstract

This study was based on laboratory incubations of mor humus from two N fertilized stands of Norway spruce in Sweden (Skogaby and Stråsan), which had received repeated N additions (100 kg N ha −1 yr −1 as (NH 4) 2SO 4 at Skogaby and 35, 73 and 108 kg ha −1 yr −1 as NH 4NO 3 at Stråsan) during 8 and 24–29 years, respectively. The aim was to investigate long-term N effects on the mineralization of C and production of DOC. Mor humus (Oe and Oa) was incubated in columns at 20 °C for 49 days. Columns were leached once a week with artificial throughfall solution, which was analyzed for DOC, total N, NH 4 +-N and NO 3 −-N. Prior to each leaching event, CO 2 evolution from the columns was determined. C-to-N ratios in the N-treated Oe layers at Stråsan (21–24) and Skogaby (24) were significantly lower than those of the controls (Stråsan, 32; Skogaby, 28). The cumulative amount of CO 2-C showed a significant treatment effect in the Oe layer at Skogaby, i.e. 18 and 29 mg C g −1 C in the N treatment and control, respectively. At Stråsan, the cumulative CO 2-C was significantly lower in the N3 treatment compared to the control in both layers (33 compared to 74 mg C g −1 C in the Oe layer and 16 compared to 35 mg C g −1 C in the Oa layer). Neither the DOC nor the DON production showed any significant treatment effects at the two sites. However, DOC was lower in the fertilized Oe layer at Skogaby throughout the incubation. The leaching of DON was highest in the Oe layers at both sites, and DON increased with time at Skogaby while there was a decreasing trend at Stråsan. The DOC-to-DON ratio tended to be lower in the fertilized Oe layers at both sites. The NH 4 + leaching at Skogaby decreased in the N-treated Oe and Oa layers. At Stråsan, NH 4 + from the Oe layer increased in N2 and control. The NO 3 − leaching was low and constant in both Skogaby layers. At Stråsan, NO 3 − increased in the Oe layer of N1. Cumulative CO 2 was positively correlated to C-to-N ratio (r 2=0.71, p<0.01) and to cumulative DOC (r 2=0.63, p<0.05) in the Oe layer at Stråsan. Our conclusion was that long-term N additions caused decreased C-to-N ratios and decreased CO 2 evolution rates. The correlation between CO 2 and C-to-N ratio in the Oe layers at Stråsan may be due to a changed quality of the fertilized forest floor material and presence of more N efficient microorganisms.