Abstract
Repetition suppression (RS) reflects a neural attenuation during repeated stimulation. We used fMRI and the subsequent memory paradigm to test the predictive coding hypothesis for RS during visual memory processing by investigating the interaction between RS and differences due to memory in category-selective cortex (FFA, pSTS, PPA, and RSC). Fifty-six participants encoded face and house stimuli twice, followed by an immediate and delayed (48 h) recognition memory assessment. Linear Mixed Model analyses with repetition, subsequent recognition performance, and their interaction as fixed effects revealed that absolute RS during encoding interacts with probability of future remembrance in face-selective cortex. This effect was not observed for relative RS, i.e. when controlled for adapter-response. The findings also reveal an association between adapter response and RS, both for short and long term (48h) intervals, after controlling for the mathematical dependence between both measures. These combined findings are challenging for predictive coding models of visual memory and are more compatible with adapter-related and familiarity accounts.
Highlights
Repetition suppression (RS) reflects a neural attenuation during repeated stimulation
These events will have a lower probability of future remembrance, compared to events that have been successfully encoded during the first encoding event, which will have a higher expectation rate and signal less prediction error at the second encoding event and have a higher probability of future remembrance[2]
The findings reveal an association between adapter response and RS, after controlling for the mathematical dependence between both measures
Summary
A similar LMM but with delayed instead of immediate recognition performance revealed a significant repetition × delayed recognition performance interaction in the right pSTS (p = 0.035, Bonferroni-corrected), with significant RS for definitely remembered stimuli (p = 0.002, Bonferronicorrected, Fig. 5), but not for probably remembered and forgotten stimuli (all p’s > 0.384). We performed an LMM analysis on the activation estimate with repetition (2 levels: adapter (IR) and test (DR)) This revealed a significant effect in the right FFA (p = 0.035, Fig. 6). LMM on the encoding activation as a function of performance during immediate memory revealed a main effect of performance for the left and right FFA (p < 0.001). LMM on the encoding activation as a function of performance during delayed memory revealed a main effect of performance for the left and right FFA (p < 0.002)
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