Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is a typical compound biomagnified in the food chain which endangers human health and generally accumulates from marine life. It has been listed as one of the 16 priority PAHs evaluated in toxicology. In order to evaluate the changes of CYP1A GST mRNA expression and EROD GST enzyme activity in carp exposed to lower than safe concentrations of PHE. Long-term exposure of carp to PHE at lower than safe concentrations for up to 25 days. The mRNA expression level and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A/EROD (7-Ethoxylesorufin O-deethylase)) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were measured in carp liver and brain tissue. The results showed that PHE stress induced low-concentration induction and high-concentration inhibition of CYP1A expression and EROD enzyme activity in the liver and brain of carp. In both two organs, GST enzyme activity was also induced. However, the expression of GST mRNA was first induced and then inhibited, after the 15th day. These results indicate that long-term exposure to PHE at lower than safe concentrations still poses a potential threat to carp’s oxidase system and gene expression.
Highlights
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a widespread pollutant which derived from the incomplete combustion of various fossil fuels and hydrocarbons, such as coal and petroleum
According to the combined structure of benzene rings, PAHs can be divided into two categories: fused ring type and non-fused ring type
Phenanthrene (PHE, C14 H10 ) is a representative of the fused ring PAHs [2]. It is a low-molecular-weight PAH-composed of three fused benzene rings with bay-area and K-area, and its carcinogenicity is closely related to K-area [3]
Summary
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a widespread pollutant which derived from the incomplete combustion of various fossil fuels and hydrocarbons, such as coal and petroleum. Due to the stable chemical properties and harmful effects, PAHs have become persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and threaten environment and even human beings. According to the combined structure of benzene rings, PAHs can be divided into two categories: fused ring type and non-fused ring type. Phenanthrene (PHE, C14 H10 ) is a representative of the fused ring PAHs [2]. It is a low-molecular-weight PAH-composed of three fused benzene rings with bay-area and K-area, and its carcinogenicity is closely related to K-area [3]. Due to the small molecular weight of PHE, it is more bio-amplified than other PAHs and produces toxic effects [4] like acute lethal effect on aquatic organisms at individual level [5]
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