Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of a Brazilian smoking cessation support program and the factors that are associated with its success. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted from 2012 to 2014 with 84 patients enrolled in smoking cessation support groups in a Primary Care Center from a poor community in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Support was provided according to Brazilian Tobacco Control Program and consisted of cognitive behavioral therapy in addition to nicotine replacement therapy. Logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazard models were used in the analysis. Results There was an increase of 34%, 48% and 97% in the chances of patients stop smoking for at least six months, 12 months and 24 months, respectively, for each new session that the patient participated. Patients that attended three or more meetings had a 79% lower risk of returning to smoking than those who went to less than three meetings. Conclusions Although not all patients who were enrolled in the program could be contacted for the study, our results indicate that about 40% of patients are able to stay smoke-free for at least three months due to the smoking cessation program, but less than 20% are able to remain smoke-free for two years. Initiatives to improve adherence to cognitive behavioral therapy meetings according to the specificity of the population may increase the effectiveness of the program.
Highlights
The tobacco epidemic is a global public health problem that surpasses country borders
This is a cohort study of patients undergoing the smoking cessation program according to Brazilian Tobacco Control Program from January 1st, 2012 to December 31, 2014 at the National School of Public Health (ENSP) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Among the 245 patients who entered in the smoking cessation program from 2012 to 2014, 84 participants were included in the study, while 161 could not be contacted to participate of the study
Summary
The tobacco epidemic is a global public health problem that surpasses country borders. Smoking causes around six million deaths worldwide per year[1]. Smoking was considered an elegant lifestyle in the past, nowadays it is known that it is a dangerous habit involving physical and psychological dependence[1,2]. The per capita consumption of cigarettes in Brazil fell around 33% between 1989 and 20043, as well as the pre valence of smokers in Brazil, which fell 46% from 1989 to 20104. Several initiatives have contributed to the decrease: increases in cigarette price, smoke-free air laws, marketing restrictions, health warnings, mass media campaigns, and cessation treatment programs[4]. The success rate of tobacco cessation treatment is quite low in Brazil[5]
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