Abstract
Much of the research effort focused on the impacts of elevated CO2 on marine algae but very little work was done on freshwater algae, or on freshwater algal viruses. In this paper, we studied the impacts of elevated CO2 on the infection of a freshwater cyanobacterium (wild Leptolyngbya sp.) by cyanophage PP that have a wide distribution in China. In a 12-month experiment, logarithmic-phase host cells were infected with cyanophage PP at 370 or 740 µatm pCO2 concentrations; the burst size, lysing cycle and proportion of adsorption were measured. The results showed that the proportion of adsorption, and burst sizes of cyanophage PP increased significantly with elevated CO2 concentrations, and the proportion of adsorption increased gradually within the 12 months with the gradual increment of cell width. The result indicated that elevated CO2 concentration may have significantinfluences on the proliferation dynamics of cyanophage–host systems, and some of the influences may increase gradually in a long-term.
Highlights
Atmospheric CO2 has increased by 25% in the past 200 years, and projections indicate that it may reach 750 μatm pCO2 by 2100 [1]
Burst size and lytic cycle: According to the one-step growth curves (Fig. 1), the cyanophage titer was detected 120 min after adsorption and it reached its maximum at approximately 180 min, regardless of the CO2 concentration
ANOVA indicated that the difference in the burst size was not significant among months (P > 0.05), and the correlation between the burst size and cell width at the doubled CO2 conditions was not significant too (P > 0.05)
Summary
Atmospheric CO2 has increased by 25% in the past 200 years, and projections indicate that it may reach 750 μatm pCO2 by 2100 [1]. Aquatic ecosystems are an important component of the biosphere, where the amount of CO2 fixed by planktonic algal photosynthesis accounts for approximately 50% of the total fixed by the entire biosphere. This proportion is expected to increase further with rising temperatures [2]. The ecological functions of algal viruses depend on their abundance, andtheir abundance is closely related to the levels of virus proliferation [5]. These processes occur within host cells and are affected by the host physiological status. The present study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of high atmospheric CO2 on the proliferation of freshwater cyanophage PP
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