Long-term effect of conservation agriculture on the composition and nutritional value of durum wheat grains grown over 2 years in a Mediterranean environment.

Abstract

Given the interest in mitigating the consequences of soil deterioration and climate change impacts on durum wheat grain, the objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of two soil management systems - conservation agriculture (CA) and conventional tillage (CT) - on the grain composition and nutritional value of two durum wheat varieties (Karim and Monastir) grown over two cropping seasons (2018-2019 and 2019-2020). The soil management system had an impact on all studied parameters, namely 1000-kernel weight (TKW), proximate composition, energy value, total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacities (DPPH and ABTS) and mineral elements (K, P and Na), excluding hectoliter weight. CA resulted in high moisture content, crude protein, P, K, Na, TPC, DPPH and ABTS. However, TKW, crude fat, crude ash, energy value, and total carbohydrate were higher when using CT. A 2-year adoption of conservation agriculture after a long-term conversion enhanced some compositional parameters and nutritional value of durum wheat varieties. The interaction with year and/or variety was very influential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.