Abstract
BackgroundPrevious in vitro experiments of human polycystic kidney disease (PKD) cells reported that caffeine is a risk factor for the promotion of cyst enlargement in patients with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). The relentless progression of ADPKD inclines the majority of physicians to advocate minimization of caffeine consumption despite the absence of clinical data supporting such a recommendation so far. This is the first clinical study to assess prospectively the association between coffee consumption and disease progression in a longitudinal ADPKD cohort.MethodsInformation on coffee consumption and disease progression was collected at each follow-up visit using standardized measurement methods. The main model for the outcomes, kidney size (height-adjusted total kidney volume, htTKV) and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR), was a linear mixed model. Patients entered the on-going Swiss ADPKD study between 2006 and June 2014 and had at least 1 visit every year. The sample size of the study population was 151 with a median follow-up of 4 visits per patient and a median follow-up time of 4.38 years.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment for age, smoking, hypertension, sex, body mass index and an interaction term (coffee*visit), coffee drinkers did not have a statistically significantly different kidney size compared to non-coffee drinkers (difference of −33.03 cm3 height adjusted TKV, 95% confidence interval (CI) from −72.41 to 6.34, p = 0.10). After the same adjustment, there was no statistically significant difference in eGFR between coffee and non-coffee drinkers (2.03 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI from −0.31 to 4.31, p = 0.089).ConclusionData derived from our prospective longitudinal study do not confirm that drinking coffee is a risk factor for ADPKD progression.
Highlights
Belibi and colleagues reported in 2002 results derived from in vitro experiments of human polycystic kidney disease (PKD) cells exposed to caffeine [1]
Data derived from our prospective longitudinal study do not confirm that drinking coffee is a risk factor for autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) progression
We considered the following potential confounders that could bias the association of coffee consumption and progression of ADPKD: at each visit, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examinations were performed including height, weight and blood pressure measurement as well as various blood and urine tests
Summary
Belibi and colleagues reported in 2002 results derived from in vitro experiments of human polycystic kidney disease (PKD) cells exposed to caffeine [1]. Caffeine raises intracellular adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels by competitively and non-selectively inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Previous in vitro experiments of human polycystic kidney disease (PKD) cells reported that caffeine is a risk factor for the promotion of cyst enlargement in patients with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). The relentless progression of ADPKD inclines the majority of physicians to advocate minimization of caffeine consumption despite the absence of clinical data supporting such a recommendation so far. This is the first clinical study to assess prospectively the association between coffee consumption and disease progression in a longitudinal ADPKD cohort. The sample size of the study population was 151 with a median follow-up of 4 visits per patient and a median follow-up time of 4.38 years
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