Abstract
Rocks are frequently host materials for underground structures, particularly for deep Tunnels. Their behavior plays a fundamental role in the overall stability of these structures. In fact, the erection of deep tunnels imposes rocks excavations around the defined routes. These excavations are generally carried out by various methods of which the most used are Drill-and-Blast (DB) and Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). However, regardless of the tunnelling method used, the impacts such as the perturbation of the initial stress field in rocks and the release of the stored energy are always significant. The impacts produce damage, fractures and deformations which are generally time-dependent and influence the long-term stability of deep tunnels built in rocks. Thus, by considering the aforementioned excavation methods, this paper identifies, reviews and describes the relevant factors generated during and after rock excavations. Interestingly, such factors directly or indirectly influence the long-term stability and therefore the structural integrity of deep rock tunnels. In addition, some recommendations and proposals for future works are presented. This paper can provide useful references in understanding the degradations, damage and fractures generated by tunnelling methods and facilitate suitable actions to ensure long-term stability of deep underground structures.
Highlights
Despite many challenges generally encountered in underground excavations, engineering projects for the construction of deep tunnels continue to grow
The aim of this paper is to describe the stages reflecting the influences of excavation methods on the long-term stability of deep tunnels built in rocky mediums
Each of these factors influence directly or indirectly the lifetime of tunnels. Their adequate consideration could constitute a source of ideas that could lead to the development of solutions to minimize their impacts on long-term stability of tunnels
Summary
Despite many challenges generally encountered in underground excavations, engineering projects for the construction of deep tunnels continue to grow. The longterm stability of these tunnels must be guaranteed, so that they can perform their roles correctly throughout their period of operation This long-term stability is influenced by many potential factors, including the methods used to excavate these tunnels. Many studies have been carried out on the stability of underground structures, but attention has not been drawn sufficiently to the influence of tunnelling methods on long-term stability of deep tunnels. To address this issue, this review is presented in order to highlight the relevant factors generated during and after tunnels excavations. Study the influence of excavation methods on long-term stability of deep rocks tunnels is of tremendous importance
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