Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic started in December 2019. Some countries have seen second and even third wave of infection. Unlike in the beginning of the pandemic, the management of the infection has improved over the period resulting in less morbidity and mortality. This is because of improved knowledge of the disease due to several studies that are conducted during last one year. However, of late what is worrying is the long-term complications of the disease. The most common being the post covid fatigue, which lasts more than six months in some patients resulting in not able to carry out routine work as well as earning livelihood. Other common complications are pulmonary, cardiac, renal and neurological. The exact mechanism of these complications are not known. The real problem is that there is no definite treatment for these complications. Resting, relaxing and reassurance are the treatment practiced now apart from organ/system specific management. Since the pandemic is recent one we may have wait for some more time to get more information of long-term sequelae of COVID19.
Highlights
Covid-19 pandemic that has practically paralyzed the whole world in terms of economy, education and people movement has seen second and third waves in different regions of the globe
Studies have shown that people with blood group ‘O’ are less likely to get COVID-19 infection compared to A, B and AB groups and even if they get it is of less severity
This review addresses some salient update of the long-term complications of COVID-19, it incidence, presentations and outcome and treatment options available
Summary
Covid-19 pandemic that has practically paralyzed the whole world in terms of economy, education and people movement has seen second and third waves in different regions of the globe. The long-term pulmonary problems of covid-19 infection yet to established in terms of extent and severity, but evolving data point out that many patients experience continuing respiratory symptoms months after primary illness [14]. The cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients may be more in individuals with following risk factors They are old age, preexisting lung, renal, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammatory conditions, coagulation abnormalities, multiorgan failure and prolonged immobility. Zhou et al reported that AMI may be present in twenty-three percent of patients in their initial presentation for COVID-19, nearly thirty-three percent may develop cardiomyopathy [26] and heart failure was present in twenty-four of cases and was associated with an increased risk of mortality [28]. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin has reduced the mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infections or those patients with D-dimer more than six times the normal [35]
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