Abstract
Coffee consumption has been related to a preventive effect against several non-transmissible pathologies. Due to the content of this beverage in phytochemicals and minerals, it has been proposed that its impact on health may partly depend on gut microbiota modulation. Our aim was to explore the interaction among gut microbiota, fecal short chain fatty acids, and health-related parameters in 147 healthy subjects classified according to coffee consumption, to deepen the association of the role of the (poly)phenol and alkaloid content of this beverage. Food daily intake was assessed by an annual food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Coffee consumption was categorized into three groups: non-coffee-consumers (0–3 mL/day), moderate consumers (3–45 mL/day) and high-coffee consumers (45–500 mL/day). Some relevant groups of the gut microbiota were determined by qPCR, and concentration of fecal short chain fatty acids by gas chromatography. Serum health related biomarkers were determined by standardized methods. Interestingly, a higher level of Bacteroides–Prevotella–Porphyromonas was observed in the high consumers of coffee, who also had lower levels of lipoperoxidation. Two groups of coffee-derived (poly)phenol, methoxyphenols and alkylphenols, and caffeine, among alkaloids, were directly associated with Bacteroides group levels. Thus, regular consumption of coffee appears to be associated with changes in some intestinal microbiota groups in which dietary (poly)phenol and caffeine may play a role.
Highlights
Coffee is one of the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages worldwide and it may exert different effects at a physiological level [1]
No statistically significant differences were found based on coffee consumption for any of the variables evaluated, with the exception of age, which was lower in subjects with the highest consumption of coffee
The defined cut-off points are coherent from a methodological point of view, since they group non-coffee-consumers (0–3 mL/day) in tertile 1, moderate consumers (3–45 mL/day) in tertile 2, which could correspond to those subjects consuming a little cup of coffee per day of the so-called Italian coffee, and the tertile 3 of high consumers
Summary
Coffee is one of the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages worldwide and it may exert different effects at a physiological level [1]. Coffee may impact directly on the host gastrointestinal physiology by increasing intestinal motility and reducing intestinal transit time [7,8] Some of these widely described benefits of coffee have been attributed to its high content in non-nutritional compounds such as phenolic compounds, fibers, minerals, and caffeine [9], which may influence host metabolic pathways related to health maintenance. To the best of our knowledge, no observational studies are currently available analyzing the impact of regular coffee consumption on fecal microbiota, taking into consideration the influence that the content of this beverage in caffeine and phenolic compounds may exert on the microbiota This information would contribute to expand the existing knowledge about the impact of coffee on gastrointestinal physiology and on health maintenance
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