Abstract
BackgroundThe long-term health consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unclear. The majority of previous trials addressed the post-COVID-19 symptoms through comprehensive medical questionnaires for relatively short periods after recovery. We tried to detect the potential pathological clinical signs and biochemical residue which persist for more than 3 months after the negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAmong 120 COVID-19 survivors of mean age 38.29 and 55.6% male proportion, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated (P=0.001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer showed higher values in COVID-19 survivors (P< 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in contrast to serum albumin that was reduced in COVID-19 survivors (P ≤0.001). Serum lipase, amylase and albuminuria were higher in COVID-19 survivors (P ≤0.001). Regression analysis (AOR, 95% CI) showed that ESR (P = 0.014), haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.039), serum lipase (P= 0.018), blood urea nitrogen (P= 0.003), albuminuria (P= 0.046), 25(OH) vitamin D (P= 0.002), and serum uric acid (P= 0.005) were the significant predictors of COVID-19 survivors (94.8% an overall prediction).ConclusionCOVID-19 survivors experienced residual significant clinical and biochemical alterations that necessitate comprehensive medical care and close follow-up for longer periods.
Highlights
The long-term health consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unclear
Post-COVID-19 manifestations after negative realtime reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of SARS-CoV-2 had been largely studied in the literature
Dana et al [7] doubted the implication of long-term health consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on patients recovered from COVID-19
Summary
The long-term health consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unclear. The majority of previous trials addressed the post-COVID-19 symptoms through comprehensive medical questionnaires for relatively short periods after recovery. SARS-CoV-2 is the most recently evolved coronavirus which is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus This novel virus shares high similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused an epidemic, in 2003 [2]. They proposed the link between COVID-19 severity and post-discharge manifestations through epidemiological studies. Carfì et al [9] conducted a post-acute COVID-19 comprehensive questionnaire to detect the persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery in the follow-up period (14–60 days) They reported persistent at least one COVID-19-related symptom in the majority of patients
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