Abstract
Objective: This study examined 1) whether patients with chronic and recurrent anxiety and depressive disorders and/or personality disorders demonstrate improvement in their defense styles with long-term dynamic psychotherapy and 2) what the relationship is between defense style change and symptomatic change. Method: Measures of defense (Defense Style Questionnaire) and symptoms and functioning were administered at regular intervals over the course of 3–5 years to adults who entered a naturalistic study of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. With hierarchical linear regression, the relative contributions of change in variables on the Defense Style Questionnaire to change in other outcome variables were calculated. Results: Those with high initial scores on the maladaptive and self-sacrificing defense styles improved, with effect sizes of 0.80 and 0.67, while overall defensive functioning improved, with an effect size of 0.43. The effect size of the change in score on the Global Assessment of Functioning...
Published Version
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