Abstract
Precipitation and its development over time is an important indicator of climate change. Research on long-term precipitation totals is absent in the Slovak Republic. This paper deals with the statistical analysis of daily precipitation from 48 precipitation stations in Slovakia. The paper evaluates the spatial distribution of precipitation in Slovakia and also presents analyses of stationarity and trends using the Mann-Kendall test. Emphasis is placed especially on the evaluation of the trends in total annual precipitation, maximum daily precipitation and also the number of days without precipitation in the year. By evaluating the trends in these three indicators, it is possible to assess the impact of potential change in the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation on hydrological drought and floods. The results show that there are currently no significant changes in precipitation in Slovakia. The problem of floods and hydrological drought seems to be more complex and is mainly due to surface water drainage from the landscape and the change in its use in connection with the increase in the average annual temperature.
Highlights
The effects of climatic changes and variability have been analyzed by many researchers in a variety of geophysical fields
The results are presented in three subsections, namely basic statistics of precipiThe results are presented in three subsections, namely basic statistics of precipitation, tation, descriptive statistics and trend analysis of precipitation in Slovakia
The basic characteristics consist of the evaluation of basic precipitation parameters, such as average characteristics consist of the evaluation of basic precipitation parameters, such as average daily precipitation, average annual precipitation, maximum daily precipitation or average daily precipitation, average annual precipitation, maximum daily precipitation or average number of days without precipitation for each station
Summary
The effects of climatic changes and variability have been analyzed by many researchers in a variety of geophysical fields. Climate change and its impact on water management can be characterized mainly as a change in temperature and a change in precipitation [1]. Global surface temperature has increased around 0.2 ◦ C per decade over the past. 30 years, similar to the warming rate predicted in the 1980s in initial global climate model simulations with transient greenhouse gas changes [2]. A rising trend in temperatures has been observed in many stations in eastern Slovakia [3]. Temperature, together with precipitation, has a significant effect on the occurrence of dry periods, and in recent years we have observed an increase in the number of dry days and periods in Slovakia [4]
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