Abstract
We describe the in vivo characterization of microamperometric sensors for the real-time monitoring of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O2) in the striatum of immunocompromised NOD SCID mice. The latter strain has been utilized routinely in the establishment of humanized models of disease e.g., Parkinson’s disease. NOD SCID mice were implanted with highly sensitive and selective NO and O2 sensors that have been previously characterized both in vitro and in freely moving rats. Animals were systemically administered compounds that perturbed the amperometric current and confirmed sensor performance. Furthermore, the stability of the amperometric current was investigated and 24 h recordings examined. Saline injections caused transient changes in both currents that were not significant from baseline. l-NAME caused significant decreases in NO (p < 0.05) and O2 (p < 0.001) currents compared to saline. l-Arginine produced a significant increase (p < 0.001) in NO current, and chloral hydrate and Diamox (acetazolamide) caused significant increases in O2 signal (p < 0.01) compared against saline. The stability of both currents were confirmed over an eight-day period and analysis of 24-h recordings identified diurnal variations in both signals. These findings confirm the efficacy of the amperometric sensors to perform continuous and reliable recordings in immunocompromised mice.
Highlights
O2 signal (p < 0.01) compared against saline. The stability of both currents were confirmed over an eight-day period and analysis of 24-h recordings identified diurnal variations in both signals. These findings confirm the efficacy of the amperometric sensors to perform continuous and reliable recordings in immunocompromised mice
The discovery of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was a pivotal advancement in the development of immunodeficient mice for xenotransplantation [1,2]
In particular models for cancer [3,4], HIV [5,6] and liver disease [7,8] have been established that facilitate focused research of human disease which was previously impossible in immunocompetent animals [1]
Summary
The discovery of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice was a pivotal advancement in the development of immunodeficient mice for xenotransplantation [1,2]. Colleagues have generated and characterized a humanized mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through xenotransplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived dopaminergic neurons into NOD SCID mouse striatum [9,10,11]. These PD patient-derived iPSC’s are differentiated into dopaminergic neurons and transplanted into the striatum of NOD SCID mice to facilitate anatomical integration over several months. A large number of Sensors 2017, 17, 419; doi:10.3390/s17020419 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
