Abstract
A method for long-range reservoir operation planning to meet an outflow temperature goal is described. The outflow temperature of TVA’s Norris Reservoir is characteristic of the seasonally modified temperature regime produced by a deep and large storage reservoir. It stays at around 50°F (10°C) from the beginning of the year until about day 200 (mid-July). Then it rises to its annual peak of about 65°F-72°F (18°C-22°C) by day 300 (end of October) and declines to about 50°F (10°C) by the end of the year. For downstream water uses it may be beneficial to keep the maximum outflow temperature in fall at or below a target temperature. This can be accomplished by limiting the total amount of discharge after the spring filling of the reservoir. The limit on discharge is formulated by using the cold water index, which is the ratio of total discharge during the planning period to the reservoir volume at the start of the period. The practical use of the concept is illustrated by modifying historic operations which did not meet a prescribed outflow temperature goal. The effect of such operation modifications on other reservoir uses, especially on power generation, is also evaluated.
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