Abstract
Optical double-quantum two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) was implemented to probe interatomic dipole-dipole interactions in both potassium and rubidium atomic vapors. The dipole-dipole interaction was detected at densities of 4.81×108 cm -3 and 8.40×109 cm -3 for potassium and rubidium, respectively, corresponding to a mean interatomic separation of 15.8 μm or 3.0×105 a 0 for potassium and 6.1 μm or 1.2×105 a 0 for rubidium, where a 0 is the Bohr radius. The experimental results confirm the long range nature of the dipole-dipole interaction, which is critical for understanding many-body physics in atoms/molecules. The long range interaction also has implications in atom-based applications involving many-body interactions. Additionally, we demonstrated that double-quantum 2DCS is sufficiently sensitive to probe dipole-dipole interaction at densities that can be achieved with cold atom in a magneto-optical trap, paving the way for double-quantum 2DCS studies of cold atoms and molecules. The method can also open a new avenue to study long-range interactions in solid state systems such as quantum dots and color centers in diamonds.
Highlights
Neutral atoms without permanent dipole moments can interact due to transition-induced dipole moments [1]
The interaction between atoms trapped in an optical lattice affects the precision of an optical atomic clock [5]; the interaction is essential in atom-based quantum simulators [20,21,22] to enable many-body quantum simulation
Is the dipole-dipole interaction still effective at such a long range relative to the size of an atom? Some theories treating dipole-dipole interactions in cold/ultracold atoms [2] and atomic vapors [23,24,25,26,27,28] only account for binary interactions at short ranges at the order of Weisskopf radius, the impact parameter that gives a unity optical phase shift [29, 30]
Summary
Neutral atoms without permanent dipole moments can interact due to transition-induced dipole moments [1]. The spectra show signals due to dipole-dipole interactions in atomic vapors at room temperature with atomic densities as low as 4.81 × cm−3 and 8.40 × cm−3 for K and Rb, respectively. Optical double-quantum 2DCS has been demonstrated as a sensitive probe of dipole-dipole interactions in atomic vapors [16,17,18].
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