Abstract
During aging, progressive deleterious changes increase the risk of disease and death. Prominent molecular hallmarks of aging are genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes, including age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence is emerging that lncRNAs influence the molecular processes that underlie age-associated phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of lncRNAs that control the development of aging traits.
Highlights
Aging is associated with a progressive deterioration in the function of cells, tissues, and organs
HOTAIR was shown to serve as a scaffold to promote the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Ataxin-1 and Snurportin-1 [7]. These findings suggested that senescence-associated Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as platforms to facilitate protein ubiquitination and degradation to elicit cellular senescence
The lncRNA TERC is essential for the telomere complex formation that maintains telomere length [21, 117, 118], H19 interacts with methyl-CpG–binding domain protein 1 (MBD1) to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that recruits histone lysine methyltransferases to suppress gene expression [36], and ecCEBP forms a complex with DNMT1 to regulate DNA methylation and silencing of the CEBP gene [48]
Summary
Aging is associated with a progressive deterioration in the function of cells, tissues, and organs. ANRIL is involved in cell cycle regulation at least in part by recruiting CBX7 (Chromobox 7), a protein component of the of polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1), to the locus, increasing H3K27 methylation and thereby repressing INK4a transcription. The p53-induced lncRNA PINT interacts with PRC2 to regulate the expression of proteins in the TGF-β, MAPK and p53 pathways, which are associated with senescence, aging, and age-related diseases [2, 8082].
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