Abstract

This review is devoted to various aspects of studying functions of long RNAs (lncRNAs) under radiation exposure. A hypothesis on the lncRNA origin, their functions in cis and trans, and the interaction with other RNAs and cell structures are described. The expression of several lncRNAs (including MALAT1, HOTAIR, etc.) in the radioresponse and their possible contribution to some human pathologies are considered, which can be used both in disease prognosis and as a therapeutical target. Our own data allow us to compare and identify differences in the expression levels of lncRNAs (GAS5, RoR, MALAT1, NEAT1, and HOTAIR) in the formation of an adaptive response in human lymphocytes and lymphoid cells (Jurkat cells) irradiated at low (0.1 Gy) and high (5 Gy) doses.

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