Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a largely uncharacterized group of non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory roles in various biological processes. Recent observations have elucidated the functional roles of lncRNAs in cutaneous biology, e.g. in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and in cutaneous wound repair. Furthermore, the role of lncRNAs in keratinocyte-derived skin cancers is emerging, especially in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which presents a significant burden to health care services worldwide and causes high mortality as metastatic disease. Elucidation of the functions of keratinocyte-specific lncRNAs will improve understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of epidermal disorders and skin cancers and can be exploited in development of new diagnostic and therapeutic applications for keratinocyte carcinomas. In this review, we summarize the current evidence of functionally important lncRNAs in cutaneous biology and in keratinocyte carcinomas.
Highlights
Skin cancers are the most common cancer types globally with increasing incidence [1, 2]
We summarize the current findings of the function of Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cutaneous biology and in keratinocyte carcinomas
The expression of p38-inhibited cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma-associated lincRNA (PICSAR) is upregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor cells in culture and in vivo compared to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and normal skin [110]
Summary
Skin cancers are the most common cancer types globally with increasing incidence [1, 2]. The consequence of non-coding mutations in lncRNA expression and function in cutaneous carcinogenesis and skin cancer development is largely unknown. Transcriptional changes during differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes involve alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs and specific lncRNAs have been implicated in keratinocyte differentiation [64, 65] (Fig. 2).
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