Long Noncoding RNAs and Stress Response in the Nucleolus.

Sergei A Pirogov,Vladimir A Gvozdev,Mikhail S Klenov

doi:10.3390/cells8070668

Sergei A Pirogov, Vladimir A Gvozdev + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8070668

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Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform diverse functions in the regulation of cellular processes. Here we consider a variety of lncRNAs found in the ribosome production center, the nucleolus, and focus on their role in the response to environmental stressors. Nucleolar lncRNAs ensure stress adaptation by cessation of resource-intensive ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and by inducing the massive sequestration of proteins within the nucleolus. Different cell states like quiescence and cancer are also controlled by specific lncRNAs in the nucleolus. Taken together, recent findings allow us to consider lncRNAs as multifunctional regulators of nucleolar activities, which are responsive to various physiological conditions.

Highlights

Noncoding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, known as long noncoding RNAs act as specific regulators of gene expression, chromosomal dynamics, RNA modifications and as architectural components assembling protein complexes [1,2]
The nucleolus serves as a factory for the assembly of ribosomal particles gathering all needed participants for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation and plays an important role in the sequestration of many nucleoplasmic proteins, especially those that are important for cell cycle progression and stress adaptation [3]
The data discussed here demonstrate the diversity of nucleolar long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which originate both from the nucleolar organizer itself and from remote regions of the genome outside the rDNA cluster (LoNA, SLERT)

Summary

Introduction

Noncoding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, known as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as specific regulators of gene expression, chromosomal dynamics, RNA modifications and as architectural components assembling protein complexes [1,2]. A fundamentally new stage in cell biology is represented by the emergence of a paradigm, which considers some cellular compartments, including the nucleolus, as biomolecular condensates that are organized by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and exhibit high sensitivity to environmental cues [15,16,17]. Formation of membrane-less bodies through LLPS is thought to be pillars: multidomain proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins that lack proteins a fixed three-dimensional based on three pillars: multidomain proteins, intrinsically disordered that lack a fixed structure and an RNA component [17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. The Granular Component transcription and DFC, processing pre-rRNA place mainly in the DFC, while pre-ribosomal subunits occurs at the interfaceofbetween thetakes. GC behave like immiscible liquid phases [25]

Epigenetic

Findings

Concluding Remarks