Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is an important lncRNA derived from the XIST gene in mammals. XIST is abnormally expressed in numerous tumors, in most of which XIST functions as an oncogene. XIST is involved in multiple aspects of carcinogenesis, including tumor onset, progression, and prognosis. In our review, we collected and analyzed the recent studies on the impact of XIST in human tumor development. The multilevel molecular functions of XIST in human tumors are comprehensively reviewed to clarify the pathologic mechanisms and to offer a novel direction for further study.
Highlights
Malignant tumors are the second leading cause of death worldwide and a threat to human health
Conclusion and future perspectives Cancer refers to a tumor formed by abnormal proliferation of cells in the local tissue under the stimulation of various tumorigenic factors
Malignant tumors can destroy the structure and function of tissues and organs, causing necrosis and hemorrhage combined with infection, and the patient may eventually die due to organ failure
Summary
Malignant tumors are the second leading cause of death worldwide and a threat to human health. Many studies have shown that approximately 70% of cardiovascular diseases can be cured by lifestyle adjustments. Tumors are likely to overtake cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death within the few years. Diagnosis, and treatment are important factors affecting the prognosis of tumors. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in X staining silencing, genomic imprinting, chromatin modification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, nuclear transport, tumor regulation, and other important regulatory processes (Yue et al 2014; Rafiee et al 2018; Wang et al.2017); the mechanism underlying lncRNA regulation of the onset and development of tumors has not been established
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