Abstract
Background HOTAIR, a newly discovered long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA), has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. This meta-analysis summarizes its potential role as a biomarker in malignancy.MethodsA quantitative meta-analysis was performed through a systematic search in Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science for eligible papers on the prognostic impact of HOTAIR in cancer from inception to Feb. 28, 2014. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to summarize the effect.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the study, with a total of 2033 patients. A significant association was observed between high HOTAIR expression and poor overall survival (OS) in patients with cancer (pooled HR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.68–2.93). Place of residence (Asian or Western countries), type of cancer (digestive or non-digestive disease), sample size (more or less than 100), and paper quality (score more or less than 85%) did not alter the significant predictive value of HOTAIR in OS from various kinds of cancer but preoperative status did. By combining HRs from Cox multivariate analyses, we found that HOTAIR expression was an independent prognostic factor for cancer patients (pooled HR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.62–3.15). Subgroup analysis showed that HOTAIR abundance was an independent prognostic factor for cancer metastasis (HR 3.90, 95% CI: 2.25–6.74). For esophageal carcinoma, high HOTAIR expression was significantly associated with TNM stage (III/IV vs. I/II: OR 6.90, 95% CI: 2.81–16.9) without heterogeneity. In gastric cancer, HOTAIR expression was found to be significantly associated with lymph node metastases (present vs. absent: OR 4.47, 95% CI: 1.88–10.63) and vessel invasion (positive vs. negative: OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.38–6.04) without obvious heterogeneity.Conclusions HOTAIR abundance may serve as a novel predictive factor for poor prognosis in different types of cancers in both Asian and Western countries.
Highlights
GLOBOCAN 2012 reports that an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths occurred in 2012, and most of them occurred in less developed countries [1]
A total of 12 different types of cancer were evaluated in studies in this metaanalysis, with the greatest number being digestive system malignancies (4 esophageal carcinoma, 2 gastric cancer, 2 hepatocellular cancer, 1 colorectal cancer, 1 pancreatic cancer and 1 gastrointestinal stromal tumor); other types of cancer were included (3 breast cancer, 2 non-small cell lung cancer, 1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1 laryngeal carcinoma, 1 mesenchymal glioma and 1 endometrial carcinoma)
High HOTAIR expression was significantly associated with TNM stage (III/IV vs. I/II: OR 6.90, 95%confidence intervals (CI): 2.81–16.9) and N status (N2/3 vs. N0/1: OR 3.29, 95% confidence interval (95% CI):1.18–9.16) whereas no significant correlation was found with T classification (T3/4 vs. T1/2: OR 2.15, 95% CI: 0.24– 19.5) or grade of differentiation (G3/4 vs. G1/2: OR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.10–13.0)
Summary
GLOBOCAN 2012 reports that an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths occurred in 2012, and most of them occurred in less developed countries [1]. Diverse biological functions, including cell differentiation, development and many disease processes, have been attributed to lincRNAs. HOTAIR is a lincRNA that is crucial for cell growth and viability [5,6]. HOTAIR is a lincRNA that is crucial for cell growth and viability [5,6] It is transcribed from the antisense strand of the HOXC gene on chromosome 12q13.13 [5]. HOTAIR, a newly discovered long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA), has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. This meta-analysis summarizes its potential role as a biomarker in malignancy
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