Long Noncoding RNA GAS5: A New Factor Involved in Bone Diseases.

Zimo Zhou,Sen Qin,Da Liu,Senxiang Chen,Ying Huang,Jiahui Chen

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.807419

Zimo Zhou, Sen Qin + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.807419

Copy DOI

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as an important type of RNA encoded in the human transcriptome, have shown to regulate different genomic processes in human cells, altering cell type and function. These factors are associated with carcinogenesis, cancer metastasis, bone diseases, and immune system diseases, among other pathologies. Although many lncRNAs are involved in various diseases, the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs contribute to regulation of disease are still unclear. The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is a key player that we initially found to be associated with regulating cell growth, differentiation, and development. Further work has shown that GAS5 is involved in the occurrence and prognosis of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, and postosteoporotic fracture. In this review, we discuss recent progress on the roles of GAS5 in bone diseases to establish novel targets for the treatment of bone diseases.

Highlights

As functional RNA molecules, noncoding RNAs include four broad categories: (1) microRNAs, (2) long ncRNAs, (3) circular RNAs, and (4) pseudogenes. ncRNAs were previous thought to lack open reading frames (ORFs) and protein-coding potential
Researchers have shown that Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for the prognosis, prevention, and treatment of various diseases, including bone-related diseases
The complex mechanisms through which lncRNAs contribute to diseases have not been fully elucidated, studies have demonstrated their potential applications in clinical practice

Summary

Introduction

As functional RNA molecules, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) include four broad categories: (1) microRNAs (miRNAs), (2) long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), (3) circular RNAs, and (4) pseudogenes. ncRNAs were previous thought to lack open reading frames (ORFs) and protein-coding potential. The specific signaling pathways involved are still unclear, and further validation studies are needed to fully elucidate the roles of GAS5 in mediating miRNAs in various disease states.

Results

Conclusion