Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with potent immunosuppressive functions. They play major roles in cancer and many of the pathologic conditions associated with inflammation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are untranslated functional RNA molecules. The lncRNAs are involved in the control of a wide variety of cellular processes and are dysregulated in different diseases. They can participate in the modulation of immune function and activity of inflammatory cells, including MDSCs. This mini review focuses on the emerging role of lncRNAs in MDSC activity. We summarize how lncRNAs modulate the generation, recruitment, and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs and the underlying mechanisms.
Highlights
The chronic inflammatory conditions typically observed in many diseases can promote the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) [1]
The immunoregulatory functions of MDSCs include the generation of immunosuppressive cells by the production of interleukin (IL)-10; the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the isoforms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, and NOX4); Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) Implicated in MDSCs Activity and production of reactive nitrogen species, predominantly nitric oxide (NO), by the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase
HOTAIR PROM1 CCAT1 MUC19 lnc-C/EBPβ binding to the liver-inhibitory protein (LIP) isoform promotes interaction with the liver-activating protein (LAP) isoform and stops its activity lnc-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) binds to the LIP isoform and CHOP, and contributes to LAP activation lnc-CHOP instigates accumulation of the epigenetic marker H3K4me3, commonly associated with transcription activation, in the promoters of Arg-1, NOX2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) RNCR3 sponges mir-185-5p to increase CHOP expression Olfr29-ps1 sponges miR-214-3p and promotes MyD88 expression N6-methyladenosine modification in Olfr29-ps1 is necessary to exert these effects
Summary
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population with potent immunosuppressive functions. They play major roles in cancer and many of the pathologic conditions associated with inflammation. The lncRNAs are involved in the control of a wide variety of cellular processes and are dysregulated in different diseases. They can participate in the modulation of immune function and activity of inflammatory cells, including MDSCs. They can participate in the modulation of immune function and activity of inflammatory cells, including MDSCs This mini review focuses on the emerging role of lncRNAs in MDSC activity.
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