Abstract
Only a small subset of all the transcribed RNAs are used as a template for protein translation, whereas RNA molecules that are not translated play a very important role as regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Besides traditionally known RNAs (ribosomal and transfer RNAs), ncRNAs also include small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The lncRNAs, which were initially thought to be junk, have gained a great deal attention because of their regulatory roles in diverse biological processes in animals and plants. Insects are the most abundant and diverse group of animals on this planet. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of lncRNAs in almost all aspects of insect development, reproduction, and genetic plasticity. In this review, we describe the function and molecular mechanisms of the mode of action of different insect lncRNAs discovered up to date.
Highlights
2439 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcripts were reported in BPH [146], 5790 lncRNA transcripts were identified in SBPH [147], and 1852 lncRNA transcripts were found in WBPH [148]
The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in almost all sorts of biological processes including epigenetic control of traits, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulations
A growing number of ncRNAs have been identified in insects primarily from the RNA-Seq of RNA libraries or transcriptomics studies
Summary
While the proteins are considered as the major trans-acting regulators, they are limited by the organizational complexity in forming a regulatory network This is partially explained by the alternative splicing in the pre-mRNA of proteincoding genes and by the post-translational modification of proteins [3]. This has led to thegained identification of various with the of RNAwhich interference and the role of ncRNAs in gene silencing types of discovery small ncRNAs, guide (RNAi) the protein complex to the target mRNA to phenomena [4] This has led to the identification of various types of small ncRNAs, which influence its translation.
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