Abstract
Plasma recombination always follows photoionization of gas by intense femtosecond laser pulses, causing refractive-index changes via thermal and hydrodynamic effects. In gas-filled hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers, these phenomena are induced by self-compressing pulses with $\ensuremath{\mu}$J energies. Probing from the side of the fiber, the authors see refractive-index changes lasting tens of $\ensuremath{\mu}$s, and plasma-driven acoustic waves that excite MHz vibrations in the microstructure of the fiber. These results are important for the development of high-intensity, high-repetition-rate lasers where, in addition to nonlinear optics, plasma physics and optoacoustics also become relevant.
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