Abstract
The papionins are unique among anthropoid primates for their long faces and large canines. The genera Papio and Mandrillus are here used as natural experiments for facial elongation among microsmatic primates. It is hypothesized that the bony orbits of long faced papionins take on smaller dimensions so as not to encroach upon the elongated nasal cavity. Long faced Papio and Mandrillus are contrasted against relatively orthognathic Macaca, Cercocebus, and Lophocebus via 3D geometric morphometrics. Only adult males were used since marked sexual dimorphism was present among all species. 3D landmark coordinates were collected around the face and upper respiratory tract. Landmark coordinate data between individuals was optimally superimposed and scaled using the Procrustes method, allowing direct comparison of linear measures, areas, and volume. It was found that Papio and Mandrillus are distinguished from Macaca, Cercocebus, and Lophocebus in palate length, area of the piriform aperture, orbital volume, and width of the orbital rim (p<.05). There is a strong negative correlation (−.78, p<.0001) between orbital volume and palate length and a weaker correlation between orbital volume and palate width (.57601; p<.0001). The data supports a functional relationship between orbit size and nasal cavity length.Grant Funding Source: Mount Sinai CAFM Student Research Support
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