Abstract
Objective: Flare in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an exacerbation of SLE clinical features that were earlier quiescent. The disease activity changes from inactive to active with an increase of several immunological profiles; the rise of immune activity induces a metabolic shift in SLE patients. The previous study aimed to investigate the long and very long fatty acid fractions (LCFA and VLCFA) in the active and inactive statuses of SLE patients and showed there were dynamic changes in fatty acid fractions in SLE patients, compared to healthy subjects. The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate LCFA and VLCFA in the active and inactive condition of SLE patients.
 Methods: Four serum samples of active and inactive statuses from the same SLE patients were used in this study. Serum LCFA and VLCFA fractions were analyzed by a 7890 Gas Chromatography (GC) System 5977 Mass Selective Detector (MSD).
 Results: All of the LCFA and VLCFA fractions were increased in the active condition, compared to SLE patients in inactive, although they were statistically not different (p>0.05). The total fatty acid fraction was 38% higher in active condition compare to inactive. The prominent increase of fatty acid fractions was alpha-linolenic acid (inactive vs. active: 23.25±17.97 vs 48.25±38.58 μmol/l), oleic acid (1300±190.4 vs 1774±866.3 μmol/l) and myristic acid (31.25±12.76 vs 59.25±40.4 μmol/l).
 Conclusion: The serum of LCFA and VLCFA fractions in SLE patients tend to increase in active conditions.
Highlights
Incidences of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have increased around the world, with race, gender, and ethnicity affecting the incidences
All of the LCFA and VLCFA fractions were increased in the active condition, compared to SLE patients in inactive, they were statistically not different (p>0.05)
The serum of LCFA and VLCFA fractions in SLE patients tend to increase in active conditions
Summary
Incidences of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have increased around the world, with race, gender, and ethnicity affecting the incidences. Flare in SLE is an exacerbation of SLE clinical features that were earlier quiescent. This condition is indicated active disease by an increase of several immunological profiles; inflammation is marked by an intensifying number of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as immunological activities of this disease [3, 4]. These activities induce metabolic shifts in SLE patients, including free fatty acids (FFAs) levels
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