Long- and Short-Term Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Sources

Dawid Buła,Andrzej Lange,Dariusz Grabowski,Marian Pasko,Marcin Maciążek

doi:10.3390/en13143610

Abstract

Network working conditions are influenced noticeably by the connection of renewable energy sources to distribution networks. This becomes more and more important due to the increase in renewable energy source penetration over the last few years. This in turn can lead to a mass effect. As a result, the classical open network model with simple unidirectional direction of energy flow has been replaced with an active model that includes many local energy sources. This paper deals with the analysis of long- and short-term changes in power and energy generated by three types of renewable energy sources with similar rated power and which operate in the same region (i.e., located no more than tens of kilometers away). The obtained results can be a starting point for a broader evaluation of the influence of renewable energy sources on power quality in power systems, which can be both positive (supply reliability) and negative (voltage fluctuations and higher harmonics in current and voltage waveforms). It is important not only to correctly place but also to assure the diversity of such sources as it has been confirmed by the source variability coefficient. The long-term analysis allows us also to estimate the annual repeatability of energy production and, furthermore, the profitability of investment in renewable sources in a given region.

Highlights

Environmentalists and politicians are more willing to change energy policies
0.2%) and solar (2.6% vs. 0.007%) [1]. This change started a few years ago and is rapidly advancing, one has to keep in mind that it results in a number of potential problems which will escalate alongside the number of installed renewably energy sources [2]
This paper aims to present analyses which can help to draw more general conclusions, and which are supported by real measurements

Summary

Introduction

Environmentalists and politicians are more willing to change energy policies. The use of limited natural resources such as hard and brown coal, petroleum or natural gas, is increasingly being replaced by the rapid development of end-use energy production using renewable sources, first of all hydropower (23.7% share in energy consumption in 2018 versus 17.3% in 2000), wind (6.6% vs.0.2%) and solar (2.6% vs. 0.007%) [1]. 0.2%) and solar (2.6% vs 0.007%) [1] This change started a few years ago and is rapidly advancing, one has to keep in mind that it results in a number of potential problems which will escalate alongside the number of installed renewably energy sources [2]. The power network models must reflect rather distributed sources and consumers who can become producers (prosumers) instead of models assuming simple unidirectional energy flow which dominated as recently as in the beginning of this century. Such a change can have both a positive and a negative influence on the network and end-users, especially in the field of power quality

Objectives

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion