Abstract
Loneliness and isolation can affect animals' biological parameters. We used Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) as a model insect to study whether hope and motivation could modify the effects of loneliness. Our results show that temporary or constant seeing another conspecific could affect longevity, mating behavior, egg number, and hatch percentage. In C. maculatus that lives alone for a lifetime, continually seeing the opposite sex in another container and being deprived of mating increases the male's and decreases the female's lifespan. A short time (10 min) seeing a conspecific behind a translucent screen can increase male and female longevity. Female longevity increases regardless of the observed conspecific sex. However, only seeing a female could raise male longevity. A glance of a conspecific and knowledge of the someone existence improves hope and life expectancy due to motivation of mating and transferring genes to later generation.
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