Abstract
Background Although the long-term success rate of dental implants is currently close to 95%, it is necessary to provide more evidence on the factors related to the failure of osseointegration and survival. Purpose To establish the risk factors associated with the failure of osseointegration and survival of dental implants with an internal connection and machined collar and to establish a predictive statistical model. Materials and Methods An analytical, retrospective, and observational clinical study of a sample of 297 implants with a follow-up of up to 76 months. Independent variables related to the implant, patient, and surgical and rehabilitative procedures were identified. The dependent variables were failure of osseointegration and failure of implant survival after prosthetic loading. A survival analysis was carried out by applying the Kaplan-Meier model (significance for p < 0.05). The log-rank test and the Cox regression analysis were applied to the factors that presented differences. Finally, the regression logit function was used to determine whether it is possible to predict the risk of implant failure according to the analyzed variables with the data obtained in this study. Results The percentages of osseointegration and survival were 97.6 and 97.2%, respectively. For osseointegration, there were significant differences according to gender (p = 0.048), and the risk of nonosseointegration was 85% lower in women. Regarding survival, the Cox analysis converged on only two factors, which were smoking and treatment with anticoagulant drugs. The risk of loss was multiplied by 18.3 for patients smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day and by 28.2 for patients treated with anticoagulants. Conclusions The indicated risk factors should be considered, but the analysis of the results is not sufficient to create a predictive model.
Highlights
The rehabilitation of edentulism using dental implants has a high predictability, there are many factors that influence its prognosis [1]
The regression logit function was used to determine whether it is possible to predict the risk of implant failure according to the analyzed variables with the data obtained in this study
The long-term success rate of dental implants is currently close to 95% [17], the presence of multiple combinations of risk factors associated with implant loss should be considered to minimize the risk of failure of implant-supported rehabilitations
Summary
The rehabilitation of edentulism using dental implants has a high predictability, there are many factors that influence its prognosis [1] These factors are related to the patient, the surgical approach or applied load, the implant used in each case or the final prosthetic rehabilitation, and can limit or have a negative impact on osseointegration or on implant survival [2,3,4]. Implant failure is defined as the total failure of the implant to fulfill its purpose (functional, aesthetic, or phonetic) due to biological or mechanical causes [5] It can occur during or after the process of osseointegration, once the definitive prosthetic loading has been carried out and BioMed Research International the implant is functioning. The indicated risk factors should be considered, but the analysis of the results is not sufficient to create a predictive model
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