Abstract
Excessive increase in blood glucose level after eating increases the risk of macroangiopathy, and a method for not increasing the postprandial blood glucose level is desired. However, a logical design method of the dietary ingestion pattern controlling the postprandial blood glucose level has not yet been established. We constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control by oral glucose ingestion in three healthy human subjects, and predicted that intermittent ingestion 30 min apart was the optimal glucose ingestion patterns that minimized the peak value of blood glucose level. We confirmed with subjects that this intermittent pattern consistently decreased the peak value of blood glucose level. We also predicted insulin minimization pattern, and found that the intermittent ingestion 30 min apart was optimal, which is similar to that of glucose minimization pattern. Taken together, these results suggest that the glucose minimization is achieved by suppressing the peak value of insulin concentration, rather than by enhancing insulin concentration. This approach could be applied to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns.
Highlights
In healthy people, blood glucose levels are stably maintained and show only a slight postprandial increase.[1]
As a forward problem, we constructed a mathematical model of the change in blood glucose from time course data of blood glucose and hormones in blood during and following oral glucose ingestion with various doses and durations in human subjects (Figs. 2, 3)
We discovered the pattern using this approach of both constructing a mathematical model as a forward problem and optimizing input pattern from the model as an inverse problem
Summary
Blood glucose levels are stably maintained and show only a slight postprandial increase.[1]. As a forward problem, we constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose (output) in response to orally ingested glucose (input) for each subject. We optimally designed glucose ingestion pattern that minimizes the peak value of blood glucose level for each subject. Design of oral glucose ingestion pattern that minimizes the peak value of blood glucose level in humans, using an approach of Mathematical model of blood glucose control combination of a forward and an inverse problems, which can be widely applied to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns for human health. As a solution to the forward problem, we constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control that fits time course data of blood glucose and hormones. Measurement of blood glucose and blood hormones before and after oral glucose ingestion
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