Logical and Methodological Considerations in Cognitive Training Research

Abstract

It is unclear whether existing computer-based cognitive training can improve prefrontal function in a manner relevant to real-life outcomes. An important scientific goal for research is to identify the necessary and sufficient experiences that could lead to the creation of efficient and effective cognitive interventions. Researchers who have developed computerized cognitive training interventions have attempted to identify the core executive processes of the prefrontal cortex and to target and tax exactly those processes. However, a vast space of possibilities (and potential barriers) remains between the development of targeted and successful cognitive interventions and the natural set of rich early-life experiences that have been shown to be important in the development of prefrontal function. To construct efficient, effective training interventions that may generalize to real-life outcomes, properly mapping out this space is necessary. Therefore, the chapter discusses the cognitive skills that are the focus of many cognitive interventions: executive functions, working memory, and functions of the prefrontal cortex.