Logging activity and tree regeneration in an Amazonian forest

Abstract

We studied the effect of experimental logging of 4 ha plots on the regeneration of tree species in a forest 90 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Logging resulted in a total reduction in live wood volume of 44–107 m 3 ha −1, although only 63% of this volume was felled, and only 43% removed from the plots. The density of established regeneration (trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height ≤10 cm, and height ≥200 cm) was greater in logged plots than in control plots when measured 3 and 7–8 years after logging. Species richness was also significantly higher in logged plots than in controls. We registered 139 species per 1000 stems, 7–8 years after logging, 143 species per 1000 stems, 3 years after logging, and 136 species per 1000 stems in control plots. Overall species composition was significantly affected by the intensity of logging damage in the plots after 7–8 years, and control plots were significantly different from plots logged 3 years previously. However, changes were not great in relation to natural variation within the forest. Most species increased in density after logging (mean=17%), and the number of individuals belonging to species with commercial value on the local market was 15% greater in logged plots than in control plots. The total potential value of the regeneration, based on the value of wood per m 3 (when adult) of the individuals, was 23% higher in logged plots than in control plots, though this difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, enrichment planting is not necessary to maintain either the biodiversity, or potential economic value for wood production, of this forest.