Abstract
We introduce a class of orthogonal functions associated with integral and fractional differential equations with a logarithmic kernel. These functions are generated by applying a log transformation to Jacobi polynomials. We construct interpolation and projection error estimates using weighted pseudo-derivatives tailored to the involved mapping. Then, using the nodes of the newly introduced logarithmic Jacobi functions, we develop an efficient spectral logarithmic Jacobi collocation method for the integrated form of the Caputo–Hadamard fractional nonlinear differential equations. To demonstrate the proposed approach's spectral accuracy, an error estimate is derived, which is then confirmed by numerical results.
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