Abstract
Effects from nonstandard corrections to Newtonian gravity, at large scale, can be investigated using the cosmological structure formation. In particular, it is possible to show if and how a logarithmic correction (as that induced from nonlocal gravity) modifies the clustering properties of galaxies and of clusters of galaxies. The thermodynamics of such systems can be used to obtain important information about the effects of such modification on clustering. We will compare its effects with observational data and it will be demonstrated that the observations seem to point to a characteristic scale where such a logarithmic correction might be in play at galactic scales. However, at larger scales such statistical inferences are much weaker, so that a fully reliable statistical evidence for this kind of corrections cannot be stated without further investigations and the use of more varied and precise cosmological and astrophysical probes.
Highlights
[1,2] with observations [3,4], using the local matter distributions of galaxies organized in groups, filaments and clusters
It can be demonstrated that the modification to the skewness and kurtosis of clustering systems occur due to such a softening parameter [18]. This formalism has been used to demonstrated that galaxy clusters are surrounded by halos, and this has been done adopting a wide range of samples [8,19]
As such a statistical distribution function can be obtained from the gravitational partition function [9,10], it is important to incorporate the effects of cosmic expansion in the partition function
Summary
[1,2] with observations [3,4], using the local matter distributions of galaxies organized in groups, filaments and clusters. An accurate measurement of the statistics of galaxies can be used to constraint the value of the cosmological constant [34], and the distribution function of galaxies can be used to constraint the amount of the dark energy [35] As such a statistical distribution function can be obtained from the gravitational partition function [9,10], it is important to incorporate the effects of cosmic expansion in the partition function. The modification of the gravitational partition function with a time dependent cosmological constant can be used to study the effects of dynamical dark energy on clustering of galaxies [37]. It is important to analyze the effect of nonlocal modification of gravity on the gravitational partition function and point out how it affects the clustering process.
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