Location suitability for the development of gated housing communities in Johor Bharu

Abstract

Abstrak Perletakan lokasi pembangunan komuniti berpagar yang tidak terancang akan memberi implikasi negatif terhadap pengurusan bandar yang mampan. Melihat kepada perancangan senario semasa dalam penentuan lokasi yang sesuai dibangunkan untuk projek-projek perumahan komuniti berpagar kebanyakannya kurang menitikberatkan aspek keutamaan dalam perancangan lokasi pembangunan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keutamaan kriteria-kriteria perancangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penentuan kesesuaian lokasi pembangunan perumahan komuniti berpagar. Kajian ini melibatkan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kajian kuantitatif melibatkan 363 orang responden dan pengumpulan data kajian dilakukan secara persampelan rawak mudah bagi menjawab instrumen soal selidik untuk menentukan kesesuaian kriteria lokasi pembangunan komuniti berpagar yang terdiri daripada penduduk di kawasan Johor Bahru. Manakala, responden bagi kaedah kualitatif adalah seramai lima orang yang terdiri daripada pihak pemaju dan Jabatan Perancangan Desa dan Negeri Johor. Pemilihan kriteria bagi kesesuaian lokasi pembangunan perumahan komuniti berpagar adalah berdasarkan kepada keadaan negeri tersebut dari segi pembangunan dan keadaan bentuk muka buminya. Terdapat sembilan kriteria yang telah dipertimbangkan bagi penentuan kesesuaian lokasi pembangunan perumahan komuniti berpagar di Daerah Johor Bharu, iaitu kawasan kadar jenayah tinggi, kawasan bandar besar, jaringan jalan perhubungan yang baik, tidak berhampiran dengan kampong, kemudahan sedia ada, kejiranan dan persekitaran, aksessibiliti, jenis perumahan komuniti berpagar dan topografi. Hasil kajian mendapati kriteria kawasan kadar jenayah tinggi merupakan lokasi yang paling sesuai dalam pembangunan lokasi perumahan komuniti berpagar. Kriteria yang dicadangkan boleh dijadikan panduan dalam perancangan pemajuan komuniti berpagar khususnya kepada pihak berkepentingan. Perancangan yang efektif akan mendatangkan kesejahteraan kepada komuniti berpagar. Kata kunci : kesesuaian, komuniti berpagar, lokasi, mampan, pembangunan, perumahan Abstract The location of Gated Communities in unplanned locations would bring about negative implications to sustainable governance of a township. In current practice, few housing developments place sufficient importance on planning for the appropriate location of Gated Communities. The selection of appropriate sites for the development of gated housing communities is often compromised by the lack of indicators or guidelines to prioritize selection criteria when planning their location. This study employed quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the criteria that determine the suitability of locations for the development of gated housing. The quantitative approach involved a random sampling of 363 respondents from the Johor Bahru area who participated in a questionnaire survey regarding their views on the suitability of locations for gated residential communities. The qualitative assessment was undertaken by five individuals who were representatives of a housing developer and of the Town and Country Planning Department of the State of Johor. Our findings indicated that, hitherto, criteria for the locations of gated housing communities would depend largely on the state’s policies for development and on the nature of the terrain. Nine criteria were proposed for the selection of such suitable sites in the Johor Bahru area. These were high crime rate, high urbanization, linkage to a good network of roads, being not too close to an existing village (which might reduce its perception of exclusivity), good amenities, good neighbourhood and environment, accessibility, type of gated community housing and topography. This study arrived at the general conclusion that areas with high crime rate are suitable as sites for gated housing communities. The proposed criterion can be used as a guide in the development of gated community development plans, especially to the stakeholders. Effective planning will bring prosperity to the gated community. Keywords: suitability, gated community, location, sustainable, development, housing https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1402-10