Location of the Ph1 locus in the metaphase chromosome map and the linkage map of the 5Bq arm of wheat

Abstract

Heterogenetic chromosome pairing in wheat is prevented by the Ph1 locus on the q (=L) arm of chromosome 5B. Two durum wheat cv. Cappelli structural mutants with rearranged 5Bq chromosome arms were investigated to determine the location of the Ph1 locus in the metaphase map and the linkage map of the arm. One of the mutants, Cap5Bq−, has a deletion of subregion 5Bq12.3 between C-bands 5Bq12.2 and 5Bq21 and the other one, Cap5Bq+, has the same subregion duplicated. Each mutant and standard cv. Cappelli were crossed with Aegilops kotschyi, Ae. ovata, Ae. cylindrica, Ae. ventricosa, Ae. juvenalis, and "Ae. crassa 6x." Hybrids involving Cap5Bq− had higher levels of chromosome pairing than those involving cv. Cappelli, whereas those involving Cap5Bq+ had lower levels of pairing than those involving cv. Cappelli. Cap5Bq− was crossed with cv. Cappelli and the F1 was hybridized with Ae. kotschyi and Ae. ventricosa. All hybrids with the 5Bq− chromosome had a higher level of chromosome pairing than those with the standard chromosome. Cap5Bq+ was crossed with cv. Cappelli and the F1 was hybridized with Ae. kotschyi. Most hybrids with the 5Bq+ chromosome had a lower level of chromosome pairing than those with the standard chromosome. Because the difference between the means of the two populations was small (0.43 chiasmata per cell) and the distributions overlapped, the strength of the linkage between the duplication and reduced pairing could not be determined; the data, nevertheless, showed that the reduced pairing must be strongly, if not completely, linked to the duplication. It is therefore concluded that the Ph1 locus is in the euchromatic subregion 5Bq12.3, 5Bq− is a null for Ph1, and 5Bq+ has two Ph1 loci. The 5Bq+ chromosome was substituted into Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring, the substitution was crossed with cv. Chinese Spring ditelosomic 5Bq, and the F1 was crossed with cv. Chinese Spring monosomic 5B. Recombination of C-bands relative to each other and the centromere was determined with the objective of determining the distribution of crossing-over along the 5Bq arm and the linkage of the subregion 5Bq12.3 with the centromere. The distibution of crossing-over was greatly distorted, most occurred in the distal region of the arm. The subregion 5Bq12.3 showed a tight linkage with the centromere, even though it is in the middle of the 5Bq arm. It is proposed to designate the cv. Cappelli Ph1− mutation as ph1c.Key words: Triticum, map distortion, homoeologous pairing, chromosome pairing, chromosome rearrangement.