Abstract
In a typical Ad Hoc network, participating nodes have scarce shared bandwidth and limited battery life resources, so resource optimization and enhancing the overall network performance are the primary aims to maintain functionality. This paper proposes a new cross layer Medium Access Control (MAC) algorithm called Location Based Transmission using a Neighbour Aware with optimized Extended Inter-Frame Spacing (EIFS) for Ad Hoc Networks MAC (LBT-NA with optimized-EIFS MAC) that aims to reduce the transmission power when communicating with the next hop receiver based on node's location which is made available during node deployment. However, node mobility is not taken into account in the study of this paper. According to the algorithm the node dynamically adjusts its transmission power, if there is an active neighbour located beyond the communicating source and destination pair to avoid hidden nodes. The new protocol also defines an optimized EIFS when frame collision, frame error or frame capture takes place, in-order to maintain a fair channel access among the contending nodes. The proposed MAC also uses a modified range of random backoff values, based on the degree of contention unlike IEEE 802.11 series which uses a fixed random backoff value for fresh frames irrespective of the degree of contention. Simulation results indicate that in a random topology with a random source and destination, when the two sources are separated by a minimum distance of 200m, the performance gain of power controlled MAC over IEEE 802.11b ranges from 30% to 70% depending on the type of traffics in the network and the degree of fairness ranges from 62% to 99.99% for a location based MAC with minimum power transmission, whereas LBT-NA with optimized-EIFS MAC secures fairness index ranging from 75% to 99.99%. Communication with a node that is 20m away can save 40% of the battery life in comparison to the traditional transmission power MAC from 802.11b. The validation tests demonstrate that the proposed algorithm increases battery life and reduces the interference impact on shorter distance communication and increases the probability of parallel transmission. The proposed protocol also provides a scope for active nodes to transmit with a higher degree of probability, providing higher degree of overall network throughput in the environment and alleviate the starvation of hidden node by using Dynamic EIFS scheme.
Highlights
In a resource-constrained Ad Hoc networks, interference is a significant limiting factor in achieving high throughput
To reduce the impact of these issues, this paper proposes a new cross layer Medium Access Control (MAC) called Location Based Transmission using a Neighbour Aware with optimized Extended Inter-Frame Spacing (EIFS) MAC for Ad Hoc Networks (LBT-NA with optimized EIFS MAC).The proposed protocol consists of three parts: firstly, calculating the power of transmission using location information by considering the optimal distance among the active neighbours; secondly, proposing an optimized EIFS based on the power calculations; lastly, implementing a new random backoff algorithm based on the number of active neighbour in order to enhance the utilisation of shared resources
The evaluation considered the impact of battery life and the effectiveness of the new backoff values used by the proposed MAC and tested the robustness of the protocol by considering random positions of the nodes with different traffic types including Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Transmission Control
Summary
In a resource-constrained Ad Hoc networks, interference is a significant limiting factor in achieving high throughput. As the interference range is directly proportional to the transmission range, controlling transmission range of the active nodes dictates the density of parallel or simultaneous communication and subsequently the overall network performance. In such networks, using a large transmission range reduces the number of hops between the source and destination, so the per-flow throughput may be increased in absence of other contending data flows. It increases the overall interference level, so the chances of concurrent transmission in a shared channel are reduced. Some of the applications of static Ad Hoc could be random positioning of nodes during disaster management to communicate with the nearest neighbour, random deployment of nodes for sharing information with neighbourhood in a stationed battlefield, random deployment of nodes for site survey, deployment of random nodes in football field, mega Ad Hoc events in indoor or outdoor, city centres, train station or airport for a temporary emergency hotspot to mention few
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