Abstract
User response or reaction to navigation applications is influenced by relevance in geographic information, in terms of cartographic context and content delivered within a definite time, providing a direct impact to outcome or consequence based on decision making and hence user reaction. Location Based Navigation Services (LBNS) have continuously advanced in cartographic visualization, making maps interpretation easy and ubiquitous to any user, as compared to pre-historic times when maps were a preserve of a few. Despite rapid growth in LBNS, there exist challenges that may be characterized as technical and non-technical challenges, among them being process of conveying geospatial information to user. LBNS system deliver appropriate information to a user through smartphone (mobile device) for effective decision making and response within a given time span. This research focuses on optimization of cartographic content for contextual information in LBNS to users, based on prevailing circumstances of various components that constitute it. The research looks into Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR), as a technical challenge centered on a non-technical issue of social being of user satisfaction, leading to decision making in LBNS, hence response and outcome. Though advanced technologically, current LBNS on information sourcing depends on user manual web pages navigation and maneuver, this can be painstaking and time consuming that it may cause unnecessary delay in information delivery, resulting to delayed information response time (DIRT). This in turn may lead to unappropriate decision making with erroneous reaction or response being taken, resulting in loss of opportunity, resources, time and even life. Optimization in LBNS is achieved by a mathematical relationship developed between user status, mobile device variables against cartographic content. The relationship is in turn applied in LBNS android application to fulfill optimization solution for user consumption.
Highlights
BackgroundLocation Based Navigation Service (LBNS) is a mobile system which helps its user to make decision based on position and other supplementary information tagged to it, to implement a task at hand [1]
User response or reaction to navigation applications is influenced by relevance in geographic information, in terms of cartographic context and content delivered within a definite time, providing a direct impact to outcome or consequence based on decision making and user reaction
Cartographic visualization content was determined from geographic environment, that could present a user of mobile device to interpret and recognize the surrounding, guarantying swift decision making based on spatial information delivered through Location Based Navigation Services (LBNS)
Summary
Location Based Navigation Service (LBNS) is a mobile system which helps its user to make decision based on position and other supplementary information tagged to it, to implement a task at hand [1]. With great advancement in LBS, challenges still exist [1] despite earlier prediction of high growth from previous studies [3] This is revealed in a quantitative survey carried out in Nairobi CBD Kenya, which indicated that LBS technology had not been accepted and adopted yet [5]. The second part is literature review on user cognition process, GIR towards user of LBNS implementing user-specific features in cartographic systems. This is mainly with the aim of knowing the extent of user cognition for a given cartographic visualization. Part five is on prototype LBNS constituents, whereas part six is conclusion and recommendation on the study
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