Abstract
This study analyses the spatio-temporal pattern of parolees using electronic monitoring, where the developed spatial framework supports the Environmental Criminology concepts such as crime patterns or crime attractive locations. A grid-based solution for spatio-temporal analyses is introduced to ensure the anonymity of the parolees. In order to test these developed concepts, the Istanbul Metropolitan Area was selected as the pilot study area. Following the developed concepts of the Crime Pattern Theory, a spatial framework was designed. A novel grid-based weighted algorithm for the most attractive areas was generated via spatial point-of-interest data and a conducted survey among police officers. The designed framework and the spatio-temporal analyses were carried out for 77 parolees using geostatistical methods. The major findings of the study are (a) 24-hour trajectories of each parolee was monitored; (b) the most attractive grids within the city were defined; and (c) for each parolee, the entrance time to the grid and the time spent within that grid were reported and analyzed. This study is a preliminary study for spatio-temporal detection of parolees’ trajectories, where location-based analyses serve well. This study aims to aid decision-makers to better monitor the parolees and justify the benefits of surveillance.
Highlights
The concept of electronic monitoring of parolees has emerged by integrating technology to probation applications
The monitoring process could benefit from information technologies, namely location-based services and spatial data analyses, where such applications could highly benefit from mature geospatial surveys
This study aims to illustrate the potential of spatial information science within environmental criminology, via spatio-temporal analyses such as the frequency and pattern of movement of electronically monitored parolees
Summary
The concept of electronic monitoring of parolees has emerged by integrating technology to probation applications. This study aims to illustrate the potential of spatial information science within environmental criminology, via spatio-temporal analyses such as the frequency and pattern of movement of electronically monitored parolees. This initial study for Istanbul includes generating the crime attractors and generators places that are defined as “the most attractive areas”, where data of 77 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveilled parolees were analyzed spatio-temporally. A higher resolution could be determined for congested cities such as Istanbul, but a 1 km x 1 km resolution was chosen so that such analyses could be used in non-congested cities and rural areas Such grid-based methods have been used to identify and determine patterns for sequences of such point data [14,15]. The methodology applied in this research, as well as the results and findings obtained from the methodologies used, is believed to contribute to the development of knowledge about electronic monitoring and environmental criminology
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