Abstract
Proper planning of the installation of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) in distribution networks is needed to maximize the overall technical and economic benefits. The limited lifetime and relatively high cost of BESSs require appropriate decisions on their installation and deployment, in order to make the best investment. This paper proposes a comprehensive method to fully support the BESS location and sizing in a low-voltage (LV) network, taking into account the characteristics of the local generation and demand connected at the network nodes, and the time-variable generation and demand patterns. The proposed procedure aims to improve the overall network conditions, by considering both technical and economic aspects. An original approach is presented to consider both the planning and scheduling of BESSs in an LV system. This approach combines the properties of metaheuristics for BESS sizing and placement with a greedy algorithm to find viable BESS scheduling in a relatively short time considering a specified time horizon, and the application of decision theory concepts to obtain the final solution. The decision theory considers various scenarios with variable energy prices, the diffusion of local renewable generation, evolution of the local demand with the integration of electric vehicles, and a number of planning alternatives selected as the solutions with top-ranked objective functions of the operational schedules in the given scenarios. The proposed approach can be applied to energy communities where the local system operator only manages the portion of the electrical grid of the community and is responsible for providing secure and affordable electricity to its consumers.
Highlights
The progress of technologies concerning different types of batteries and their control systems, together with the evolution of a regulatory framework in which energy storage is considered more explicitly, are making Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) progressively more cost-effective for energy system applications
This paper has presented a novel procedure that combines planning and scheduling of the BESSs installed in an LV grid
The proposed approach combines the properties of the metaheuristics used to search for solutions in a wide space and the fast calculation of the greedy procedure that allows a viable solution to be found for BESS
Summary
The progress of technologies concerning different types of batteries and their control systems, together with the evolution of a regulatory framework in which energy storage is considered more explicitly, are making Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) progressively more cost-effective for energy system applications. Some contributions refer to LV distribution networks characterized by a high penetration of photovoltaic generation, and consider the possibility of alleviating the negative impacts by the installation of storage systems. This paper proposes an overall procedure to address the BESS location and sizing in an LV network, taking into account the characteristics of the local generation and demand connected at the LV nodes and the time-variable generation and demand patterns. The proposed procedure aims to improve the overall network conditions by considering both technical and economic aspects This condition aims to represent the conditions that could be found in the case of energy communities where the local system operator only manages the electrical grid of the community and is responsible for guaranteeing secure and affordable electricity for its consumers.
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