Locating the Principal Sectors for Carbon Emission Reduction on the Global Supply Chains by the Methods of Complex Network and Susceptible–Infective Model

Meihui Jiang

doi:10.3390/su14052821

Abstract

How to locate the reasonable targets for carbon emission reduction in the complex global supply chain remains a big challenge for policy makers. This paper proposed a novel framework for finding more accurate carbon emission reduction targets, combining multi-regional input-output analysis, complex network approach and an improved susceptible–infective model called the influence spreading model. The results showed that the global embodied carbon emission flow network had the characteristic of being significantly scale-free, and there were a few important industrial sectors in the network with different capabilities, including strength-out, closeness-out, betweenness and clustering coefficient. The simulation results of the influence spreading process showed that the effective infection thresholds were relatively low, which were between 0 and 0.005 due to the significant scale-free characteristic of the global embodied carbon emission flow network. With the change of the infection thresholds, the proportion of the infected sectors significantly decreased from about 0.95 to 0.10 on average, and spread time also decreased from about three rounds to about eight rounds. In the aspects of the spreading scope and spreading speed, the industrial sectors with high closeness-out and betweenness had better performance than the ones with high strength-out. This indicated that the spreading capabilities of industrial sectors which exported significant carbon emissions, such as petroleum, chemicals and non-metallic mineral products in China, were commonly weaker than industrial sectors which occupied the most important positions in the entire supply chain, such as transport equipment in Germany. Hence, the industrial sectors with high global spreading capability and media capability were important for global carbon emission reduction. Such information suggested that the policies for carbon emission reduction should be made based on a global perspective of the supply chain system. This work proved that the policies for carbon emission reduction should be based on a global perspective of supply chain system.

Highlights

There is still a big challenge to locate the vital targets for carbon emission reduction in such a complicated economic system, especially based on the global supply chain perspective
This is because embodied carbon emissions include all information along the entire supply chain, including production, transportation
I d j denotes the direct carbon emissions produced by sector j. zij represents the intermediate input from sector i to sector j. x j denotes the total output of sector j. ei is the carbon emissions embodied in one unit of inputs from sector i, while e j is the carbon emissions embodied in one unit of outputs of sector j

Summary

Introduction

Carbon dioxide emissions are one of the most important greenhouse gas emissions caused by human economic activities [1,2]. Along with the fact that economic globalization is deepening, the world economy has become a complicated and integrated system. There is still a big challenge to locate the vital targets for carbon emission reduction in such a complicated economic system, especially based on the global supply chain perspective. In the existing literature, when assessing the impacts of human economic activities on the environment, scholars mostly focus on accounting for embodied carbon emissions rather than territorial carbon emissions [6–8]. This is because embodied carbon emissions include all information along the entire supply chain, including production, transportation

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion