Locating and Constructing Sanitary Water Wells

Abstract

Most small water supply systems in the United States take their raw water supply from groundwater sources. The operators of these small systems are often involved in the development of the groundwater supplies and the wells that draw this water. A major concern when developing any type of well is the sanitary quality of the water in the aquifer, the water‐bearing layer of permeable rock or soil from which water is drawn. There are many sources of aquifer contamination. Seepage of surface water containing contaminants into the aquifer, wastewater contamination, agricultural runoff and industrial wastes are potential sources of contamination. To avoid the problems of disease, and taste and odor that result from contamination, wells must be properly located and constructed. This article, which was adapted from the AWWA publication, Design and Construction of Small Water Systems: A Guide for Managers, offers guidelines for the location and construction of wells.