Localized waves of the coupled cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equations in nonlinear optics**Project supported by the Global Change Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB953904), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675054 and 11435005), the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Trustworthy Software for Internet of Things (Grant No. ZF1213), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China

Abstract

We investigate some novel localized waves on the plane wave background in the coupled cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger (CCQNLS) equations through the generalized Darboux transformation (DT). A special vector solution of the Lax pair of the CCQNLS system is elaborately constructed, based on the vector solution, various types of higherorder localized wave solutions of the CCQNLS system are constructed via the generalized DT. These abundant and novel localized waves constructed in the CCQNLS system include higher-order rogue waves, higher-order rogues interacting with multi-soliton or multi-breather separately. The first- and second-order semi-rational localized waves including several free parameters are mainly discussed: (i) the semi-rational solutions degenerate to the first- and second-order vector rogue wave solutions; (ii) hybrid solutions between a first-order rogue wave and a dark or bright soliton, a second-order rogue wave and two dark or bright solitons; (iii) hybrid solutions between a first-order rogue wave and a breather, a second-order rogue wave and two breathers. Some interesting and appealing dynamic properties of these types of localized waves are demonstrated, for example, these nonlinear waves merge with each other markedly by increasing the absolute value of α. These results further uncover some striking dynamic structures in the CCQNLS system.