Localized constrictive pericarditis compressing and obstructing the right ventricular inflow tract due to a giant anterior calcified cardiac mass. A case report

Abstract

IntroductionLocalized pericardial constriction is a rare form of constrictive pericarditis CP. Depending on the CP location, clinical presentation may be variable, including compression and obstruction of right ventricular inflow tract(RVIT), coronary obstruction, or pulmonary stenosis. Case presentationA 72-year-old man presented a 2-year history of dyspnea and atrial fibrillation. A contrast enhanced angio computerized tomography clearly demonstrated a large spherical mass about 11×9×4cm in the anterior pericardium, presenting as a mediastinal tumor causing compression and obstruction of the RVIT. The patient underwent surgical procedure. The outer calcified layer of the pericardial mass was a thick layer of calcification surrounding an inner amorphous low density material. The inferior calcified layer of the pericardial mass which was extremely adherent with the epicardium, was carefully excised, without employment of cardiopulmonary bypass, from the aorta and pulmonary artery origin to the diaphragm and all areas between the right and left phrenic nerves. The final diagnosis was idiopathic CP. DiscussionThe clinical presentation was due to right ventricular free wall compression and obstruction of the RVIT by a giant calcified anterior cardiac mass. The differential diagnosis with other calcified masses in the anterior mediastinum such as teratoma, hemopericardium after blunt trauma and idiopathic or tuberculous CP should be considered. ConclusionHerein we report a very rare case with localized CP causing compression and obstruction of RVIT due to a giant anterior calcified cardiac mass, treated successfully with pericardectomy. Careful dissection is mandatory for a successful procedure.